Monday, January 16, 2012

Read 'The New Jim Crow' and change your perspective on race in America


"The New Jim Crow," which posits that the so-called "War on Drugs" amounts to a war on African-American men, has been a sensation, writes Leonard Pitts Jr. But it needs to be more, he adds. It needs to be a movement. If you want a copy of the book, read this column.
Syndicated columnist

I have something for you.
In June 2010, I wrote in this space about a book, "The New Jim Crow," by Michelle Alexander, which I called a "troubling and profoundly necessary" work. Alexander promulgated an explosive argument. Namely, that the so-called "War on Drugs" amounts to a war on African-American men and, more to the point, to a racial caste system nearly as restrictive, oppressive and omnipresent as Jim Crow itself.

This because, although white Americans are far and away the nation's biggest dealers and users of illegal drugs, African Americans are far and away the ones most likely to be jailed for drug crimes. And when they are set "free" after doing their time, black men enter a legal purgatory where the right to vote, work, go to school or rent an apartment can be legally denied. It's as if George Wallace were still standing in the schoolhouse door.

"The New Jim Crow" won several awards, enjoyed significant media attention, and was an apparent catalyst in the NAACP's decision last year to call for an end to the drug war. The book was a sensation, but we need it to be more. We need it to be a movement.

As it happens and not exactly by coincidence, Alexander's book is being reissued in paperback this week as we mark the birthday of the man who led America's greatest mass movement for social justice. In his battle against the original Jim Crow, Martin Luther King, in a sense, did what Alexander seeks to do: pour sunlight on an onerous condition that exists just beyond the periphery of most Americans' sight.

I want to help her do that. So here's the deal. I'll give you a copy of the book — autographed by the author, no less — free of charge. You don't even have to pay for shipping. All you have to do is tell me you want it and promise me you'll read it.

In fact, make that the subject line of the email you send to request your copy: "I want it. I'll read it." Send it to lpitts@miamiherald.com. Make sure to include your contact information and mailing address. At month's end, I'll draw 50 names from a bucket and send out 50 books. If you work for the company that syndicates my column, or a newspaper that runs it, you can't participate. The same goes if you're my kin or my friend.

On March 15, Alexander has agreed to appear with me at Books and Books in Coral Gables, Fla., where I will moderate a discussion with an audience. You'll also be able to submit questions via Twitter @MiamiHeraldLive and Facebook. Video from the event will be posted on The Miami Herald's website

(www.miamiherald.com).

And here, let me make one thing clear. This giveaway is underwritten neither by my employer nor by Alexander's publisher. Me, myself and I will pay for both books and shipping. I chose to do it that way in order to impress upon you how vital I personally feel it is that you read this book.
No, I have no financial interest in its success. I do, however, have tremendous emotional interest. Half a century ago, Martin Luther King and a cadre of courageous idealists made a sustained appeal to this nation's misplaced sense of justice, forced Americans to see an outrage that was right in front of them yet, somehow, beyond their line of sight.

There could be no better homage to his memory than to do that again.
Miami Herald columnist Leonard Pitts Jr.'s column appears regularly on editorial pages of The Times. His email address is: lpitts@miamiherald.com

Thursday, October 13, 2011

Disciplinary Gaps Not Limited to Prison

A report by the National Education Policy Center entitled, "Discipline Policies, Successful Schools, and Racial Justice," illustrates a widening disciplinary gap between students of color and white students in grades K-12. Unfortunately, disproportionate punishments are not limited to those we see in the criminal justice system. Check out the report through the link above and read the full article in ColorLines Magazine. Then, ask yourself. What does a lifetime of disproportionate punishment do to an individual? What can be done to change this trend? Are we taking a proactive or reactive role in our childrens' education?

Friday, October 7, 2011

Contributor Spotlight: Getting a Degree in Prison

Prison Education
We hope you enjoy a feature called Contributor Spotlight. Today's post is provided by Online College Resources.

Quick shameless plug: Are you an expert in the area of race and incarceration? Do you have a story to tell? Advice to offer? Do you have an example from your own experience? We’d love to have you as the next Contributor Spotlight! Contact us at: 6and44@gmail.com.
Via: Online Colleges Resource

Wednesday, September 21, 2011

Contributor Spotlight: Is Racism Just a Part of Being Human?

Due to limited staffing at 6and44, we are trying something new.  We hope you will enjoy a new feature called Contributor Spotlight. Today's post is written by Allison Gamble who has been a curious student of psychology since high school. She brings her understanding of the mind to work in the weird world of internet marketing.


Quick shameless plug: Are you an expert in the area of race and incarceration? Do you have a story to tell? Advice to offer? Do you have an example from your own experience? We’d love to have you as the next Contributor Spotlight! Contact us at: 6and44@gmail.com.


Is Racism Just a Part of Being Human?


Most Americans are pretty well aware of racism and its effects on our population, but the question of why racism exists is something of a mystery to many. Does racism occur naturally, or is it a learned behavior? If it's learned, can it be unlearned? Is there hope for a racism-free America?


Some theories suggest racism is merely a fear of the unknown, and that these fears foster prejudices against individuals of different ethnicity. There are several reasons a person would fear individuals of another race, including previous negative experiences with people of another race or being taught from childhood to fear those who are different.


Sociology and ForensicPsychology.net lead us to believe most actions and behaviors are learned and do not occur naturally. Most sociologists believe racism is such a learned behavior. They reason that children raised in a racist household or community where racism is prevalent will eventually adopt these beliefs and behaviors as their own. This could be considered good news: if racism can be learned, it can therefore be unlearned. But how can one unlearn racism? Generally speaking, education and dialogue are key, as is recognizing, accepting, and appreciating human differences.


It could also be argued racism is a natural human behavior. This theory suggests humans naturally group according to ethnicity, and that this division inevitably leads to discrimination. Studies have shown individuals will naturally try to surround themselves with people of their own race, even when they differ in age, sex, and ways of thinking. This "unconscious racism" can still be a powerful force for discrimination, as it still serves to separate and exclude.


Racism seems to run rampant in the judicial and corrections systems in the United States. The African American population in US prisons has always been significantly higher than the White prison population. This is true of females as well as males, but the numbers are considerably higher among men. In fact, black males outnumber white males more than six to one in the US prison system. Further, it's reported that one in three African American men aged 20 to 29 are under some type of criminal justice supervision, whether incarceration, probation, and parole.


Of the many theories on why this is this case, the most widely accepted highlights the role of socioeconomic issues associated with crime. Typically, African Americans come from lower socioeconomic brackets than most Whites. This includes lower levels of income and education as well as different associated social groups and upbringing. It's believed factors such as poverty, poor education, and coming from broken families lead to higher instances of crime in any community. However, since African Americans are more likely to hail from these sorts of circumstances, it is they who populate US prisons in disproportionate numbers.


The war on drugs is another significant factor. Since crack cocaine sparked the war on drugs in 1980, the number of incarcerated drug offenders has steadily been on the rise. In fact, approximately one third of the US prison population is made up of drug offenders. Furthermore, studies indicate that African Americans are eight times more likely than Whites to be convicted of drug charges. African Americans may not break the law more often than anybody else, but they more often suffer the consequences. This brings socioeconomic aspects back into play, especially poverty. African Americans are less likely to be able to afford lawyers, which increases their chances of being convicted on drug charges and impairs their ability to effectively appeal such convictions.


Whether racism is a learned or innate behavior may always be up for debate. However, just because we don't know why racism exists doesn't mean we can't work to defeat it. If racism is learned, it can most certainly be unlearned. By the same token, natural racism can be overcome as well. Not all natural instincts are acceptable or productive, and humankind needs to work to overpower our inclination to set ourselves apart according to ethnicity. Racism may be a natural instinct; hate, however, is not.

Wednesday, June 1, 2011

A lot of progress... and so much more to come

There are a lot of discussions on mass inarceration and states are starting to talk about changes to sentencing or prison reform.

The ACLU announced that they will be taking on mass incarceration - citing even more statistics to build a strong case. We found the numbers speak for themselves. Here is a link to their new weekly blog, with resources and weekly highlights. http://www.aclu.org/blog/tag/overincarceration%20clips

What makes an impact is a real life, where somebody with so much potential was locked up - Voices from Prison. We did have a set back with this part of our blog, and are hopeful that access  to the Monroe state prison will open up again soon.



Tuesday, May 31, 2011

Up and Running

Hi followers, it has been awhile since our last post. We wrapped up our classes, and spent some time reconnecting with friends and family while we finalized our plan going forward. We will continue with our purpose, and hope to spread to awareness to this injustice. Good to talk with you again...

Monday, March 28, 2011

Community Feedback Wanted

We have been working on our awareness campaign for about six or seven months now, and the question has been raised, "What should we DO?"

We're interested in everyone's feedback.  Is an awareness campaign enough?  Once people are aware, they want to DO something.  What should that something be? 
  • We have discussed starting a "Ban the Box" campaign, asking employers to eliminate the box on job applications that has to be checked if you're a felon.
  • We've talked about establishing a mentor program, where ex-offenders who have successfully transitioned back into society would mentor guys coming out of prison.
We have some other ideas up our sleeves, but we would love to hear from you.  What is the most important thing we could do?  Please either comment on this post, or send us an email.  We want to hear from you.

Tuesday, March 22, 2011

Fourteen Examples of Systemic Racism in the US Criminal Justice System

 

by Bill Quigley / First published July 26th, 2010

The biggest crime in the U.S. criminal justice system is that it is a race-based institution where African-Americans are directly targeted and punished in a much more aggressive way than white people.
Saying the US criminal system is racist may be politically controversial in some circles. But the facts are overwhelming. No real debate about that. Below I set out numerous examples of these facts.
The question is – are these facts the mistakes of an otherwise good system, or are they evidence that the racist criminal justice system is working exactly as intended? Is the US criminal justice system operated to marginalize and control millions of African Americans?
Information on race is available for each step of the criminal justice system – from the use of drugs, police stops, arrests, getting out on bail, legal representation, jury selection, trial, sentencing, prison, parole and freedom. Look what these facts show.

One. The US has seen a surge in arrests and putting people in jail over the last four decades. Most of the reason is the war on drugs. Yet whites and blacks engage in drug offenses, possession and sales, at roughly comparable rates – according to a report on race and drug enforcement published by Human Rights Watch in May 2008. While African Americans comprise 13% of the US population and 14% of monthly drug users they are 37% of the people arrested for drug offenses – according to 2009 Congressional testimony by Marc Mauer of The Sentencing Project.

Two. The police stop blacks and Latinos at rates that are much higher than whites. In New York City, where people of color make up about half of the population, 80% of the NYPD stops were of blacks and Latinos. When whites were stopped, only 8% were frisked. When blacks and Latinos are stopped 85% were frisked according to information provided by the NYPD. The same is true most other places as well. In a California study, the ACLU found blacks are three times more likely to be stopped than whites.

Three. Since 1970, drug arrests have skyrocketed rising from 320,000 to close to 1.6 million according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics of the U.S. Department of Justice.
African Americans are arrested for drug offenses at rates 2 to 11 times higher than the rate for whites – according to a May 2009 report on disparity in drug arrests by Human Rights Watch.

Four. Once arrested, blacks are more likely to remain in prison awaiting trial than whites. For example, the New York state division of criminal justice did a 1995 review of disparities in processing felony arrests and found that in some parts of New York blacks are 33% more likely to be detained awaiting felony trials than whites facing felony trials.

Five. Once arrested, 80% of the people in the criminal justice system get a public defender for their lawyer.
Race plays a big role here as well. Stop in any urban courtroom and look a the color of the people who are waiting for public defenders. Despite often heroic efforts by public defenders the system gives them much more work and much less money than the prosecution. The American Bar Association, not a radical bunch, reviewed the US public defender system in 2004 and concluded “All too often, defendants plead guilty, even if they are innocent, without really understanding their legal rights or what is occurring…The fundamental right to a lawyer that America assumes applies to everyone accused of criminal conduct effectively does not exist in practice for countless people across the US.”

Six. African Americans are frequently illegally excluded from criminal jury service according to a June 2010 study released by the Equal Justice Initiative. For example in Houston County, Alabama, 8 out of 10 African Americans qualified for jury service have been struck by prosecutors from serving on death penalty cases.

Seven. Trials are rare. Only 3 to 5 percent of criminal cases go to trial – the rest are plea bargained. Most African Americans defendants never get a trial. Most plea bargains consist of promise of a longer sentence if a person exercises their constitutional right to trial. As a result, people caught up in the system, as the American Bar Association points out, plead guilty even when innocent. Why? As one young man told me recently, “Who wouldn’t rather do three years for a crime they didn’t commit than risk twenty-five years for a crime they didn’t do?”

Eight. The U.S. Sentencing Commission reported in March 2010 that in the federal system black offenders receive sentences that are 10% longer than white offenders for the same crimes. Marc Mauer of the Sentencing Project reports African Americans are 21% more likely to receive mandatory minimum sentences than white defendants and 20% more like to be sentenced to prison than white drug defendants.

Nine. The longer the sentence, the more likely it is that non-white people will be the ones getting it. A July 2009 report by the Sentencing Project found that two-thirds of the people in the US with life sentences are non-white. In New York, it is 83%.

Ten. As a result, African Americans, who are 13% of the population and 14% of drug users, are not only 37% of the people arrested for drugs but 56% of the people in state prisons for drug offenses. Marc Mauer May 2009 Congressional Testimony for The Sentencing Project.

Eleven. The US Bureau of Justice Statistics concludes that the chance of a black male born in 2001 of going to jail is 32% or 1 in three. Latino males have a 17% chance and white males have a 6% chance. Thus black boys are five times and Latino boys nearly three times as likely as white boys to go to jail.

Twelve. So, while African American juvenile youth is but 16% of the population, they are 28% of juvenile arrests, 37% of the youth in juvenile jails and 58% of the youth sent to adult prisons. 2009 Criminal Justice Primer, The Sentencing Project.

Thirteen. Remember that the US leads the world in putting our own people into jail and prison. The New York Times reported in 2008 that the US has five percent of the world’s population but a quarter of the world’s prisoners, over 2.3 million people behind bars, dwarfing other nations. The US rate of incarceration is five to eight times higher than other highly developed countries and black males are the largest percentage of inmates according to ABC News.

Fourteen. Even when released from prison, race continues to dominate. A study by Professor Devah Pager of the University of Wisconsin found that 17% of white job applicants with criminal records received call backs from employers while only 5% of black job applicants with criminal records received call backs. Race is so prominent in that study that whites with criminal records actually received better treatment than blacks without criminal records!

So, what conclusions do these facts lead to? The criminal justice system, from start to finish, is seriously racist.
Professor Michelle Alexander concludes that it is no coincidence that the criminal justice system ramped up its processing of African Americans just as the Jim Crow laws enforced since the age of slavery ended. Her book, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness sees these facts as evidence of the new way the US has decided to control African Americans – a racialized system of social control. The stigma of criminality functions in much the same way as Jim Crow – creating legal boundaries between them and us, allowing legal discrimination against them, removing the right to vote from millions, and essentially warehousing a disposable population of unwanted people. She calls it a new caste system.
Poor whites and people of other ethnicity are also subjected to this system of social control. Because if poor whites or others get out of line, they will be given the worst possible treatment, they will be treated just like poor blacks.
Other critics like Professor Dylan Rodriguez see the criminal justice system as a key part of what he calls the domestic war on the marginalized. Because of globalization, he argues in his book, Forced Passages, there is an excess of people in the US and elsewhere. “These people”, whether they are in Guantanamo or Abu Ghraib or US jails and prisons, are not productive, are not needed, are not wanted and are not really entitled to the same human rights as the productive ones. They must be controlled and dominated for the safety of the productive. They must be intimidated into accepting their inferiority or they must be removed from the society of the productive.
This domestic war relies on the same technology that the US uses internationally. More and more we see the militarization of this country’s police. Likewise, the goals of the US justice system are the same as the US war on terror – domination and control by capture, immobilization, punishment and liquidation.
What to do?
Martin Luther King Jr., said we as a nation must undergo a radical revolution of values.
A radical approach to the US criminal justice system means we must go to the root of the problem. Not reform. Not better beds in better prisons. We are not called to only trim the leaves or prune the branches, but rip up this unjust system by its roots.
We are all entitled to safety. That is a human right everyone has a right to expect. But do we really think that continuing with a deeply racist system leading the world in incarcerating our children is making us safer?
It is time for every person interested in justice and safety to join in and dismantle this racist system. Should the US decriminalize drugs like marijuana? Should prisons be abolished? Should we expand the use of restorative justice? Can we create fair educational, medical and employment systems? All these questions and many more have to be seriously explored. Join a group like INCITE, Critical Resistance, the Center for Community Alternatives, Thousand Kites, or the California Prison Moratorium and work on it. As Professor Alexander says “Nothing short of a major social movement can dismantle this new caste system.”

Tuesday, March 15, 2011

Monday, March 14, 2011

Preliminary Report on Race and Washington‘s Criminal Justice System

Written by the Task Force on Race and the Criminal Justice System

To sum up:
We find the assertion that Black disproportionality in incarceration is due  solely to
differential crime commission rates is inaccurate.
We find that facially neutral policies that have a disparate impact on people of color
contribute significantly to disproportionalities in the criminal justice system.
We find that racial and ethnic bias distorts decision-making at various stages in the
criminal justice system, thus contributing to disproportionalities in the criminal
justice system.
We find that race and racial bias matter in ways that are not fair, that do not advance
legitimate public safety objectives,  that produce disparities in the criminal justice
system, and that undermine public confidence in our legal system.


See more at the link below:
http://www.law.seattleu.edu/Documents/korematsu/race%20and%20criminal%20justice/preliminary%20report_report_march_1_2011_public_cover.pdf